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James A. Garfield High School is a public high school in the Seattle Public Schools district of Seattle, Washington, USA. Located along 23rd Avenue between E. Alder and E. Jefferson Streets in Seattle's urban Central District, Garfield draws students from all over the city. Garfield is also one of two options for the district's Accelerated Progress Program for highly gifted students, with the other being Ingraham International High School. As a result, it has many college-level classes available ranging from calculus-based physics to Advanced Placement (AP) studio art. == History == In 1917, the Seattle School Board authorized the purchase of property for East High School at a location suggested by the board’s secretary, Reuben Jones, because it was “on a hill and the school would stand out.” Construction was delayed until the end of World War I, and by that time there was a pressing need for space in the city’s four high schools. Immediate action had to be taken, which meant that a temporary structure was erected at the East High School site in 1920. The 12-room wooden structure housed 282 incoming freshmen who transferred from Broadway High School. Midway through the 1920–21 school year, 140 more students entered East High School. Portables were added, and, by 1922–23, a total of 27 temporary buildings stood on the grounds. Enrollment by this time exceeded 900 students. Additional property was acquired and construction began on a permanent building. The first principal, George N. Porter, suggested that the school be named after James A. Garfield, 20th President of the United States who earned recognition as a congressman and Civil War leader. Porter also selected the Bulldog as school mascot and the colors purple and white. The new James A. Garfield High School opened in September 1923 with over 1,000 students. The three-story structure was designed in the Jacobean style by Floyd Naramore with elaborate terra cotta details. The main (north) entrance features a projecting bay with triple arched doorways. As the 1920s progressed, Garfield’s student body increased to over 1,500. A bond issue passed in March 1929 provided funds for an addition to the building,〔 and the city commissioned Naramore to design an addition. The south wing included laboratories and classrooms for 680 more students. Enrollment continued to grow until 1939, when it reached an all-time high of 2,300 students. In 1955, 9th graders transferred to junior high school, reducing enrollment from 1,500 to 1,250.〔 Throughout much of its history, Garfield has been known for its ethnic and racial diversity. The Arrow, the school's yearbook, in 1938 described the school as “a thriving community many races which are bound together by the staunchness of the Bulldog tradition.” The Christian Science Monitor featured Garfield in 1946, referring to it as a school of many races but no race conflicts. The 1945 annual emphasized contributions made by various groups in the school, including a Cathay Club that staged Chinese plays, Japanese-American students who performed traditional dances, and African-American musicians.〔 Activities growing in popularity during the first two decades were numerous service, music, and athletic clubs. The Big “G” Club was established for girls who were active in sports. The Ski Club, which sponsored trips to Snoqualmie Summit, won several ski tournaments in the 1930s. From the beginning, Garfield set high standards for its publications. The school annual, The Arrow, received the All-American Honor Rating from the National Scholastic Press Association in 1934–36. The Messenger, the school newspaper, grew from a single page to an eight-page tabloid and also received national recognition. Garfield’s literary magazine, The Pen, provided an outlet for creative writers beginning in 1938. Garfield students and staff also established a tradition of community involvement. During the 1950s, the art department worked with Harborview Medical Center and the Veterans’ Administration hospitals to create murals and other projects. The memorial wall at the east entrances to Memorial Stadium was designed by a Garfield student. In 1947, an academic exchange program was initiated with a school in Braunschweig, Germany. Over the next ten years, students and teachers from these two schools participated in the exchange.〔 During the late 1960s, news stories circulated about racial tensions and violence at Garfield. By 1970, enrollment had plummeted to less than 1,000. A special Central Region within the school district was formed, led by an assistant school superintendent, with the intent of reestablishing quality education in troubled schools. This effort led to the 4-4-4 plan in the Central District when Garfield again became a four-year high school. Additional space was needed to establish a comprehensive program, and the former Washington Junior High School became part of Garfield, known as Garfield “B.” This annex housed music, advanced science, industrial arts, home economics, and other career and vocational programs.〔 By 1974, enrollment had grown to about 1,050, and the community coined the slogans “Garfield has turned the corner” and “This is the year of the dog.” New construction around the campus brought parks department facilities with Medgar Evers Swimming Pool adjacent to the school. In 1979, the APP Program for highly gifted students was placed at Garfield, initiating an academic surge with a college-oriented curriculum. The program required all 9th graders take math and science.〔 Now due to the success of this program, an alternative program, IBx, was opened for APP students at Ingraham International High School in North Seattle to help relieve pressure on an overcrowded Garfield. Garfield High School has long played a key role in its neighborhood, and because the Central District has changed, so has the school's population. In its early decades, the school was noted for its Jewish, Japanese and Italian populations. After World War II, the neighborhood became predominantly African-American and by 1961, 51 percent of Garfield students were black, compared to only 5.3 percent of the general Seattle school district population. In the late 1960s and 1970s, Garfield was at the center of the school district's attempts to avoid forced busing through various plans, including turning it into a "magnet" school. This began the focus on music and science that persist to the present day. Notable people who have spoken at Garfield include Martin Luther King and Jesse Jackson. Civil rights activist Stokely Carmichael spoke at the school in 1967. Former Senator, and current President Barack Obama gave a speech in 2006 regarding "Innovation in Education," During a 2012 school field trip, one of the school's students allegedly raped another student. The school's mishandling of the ensuing investigation resulted in an ongoing federal investigation of the school district for Title IX sexual violence violations.〔()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Garfield High School (Seattle, Washington)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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